Puas yog Hluav Taws Xob Rauv Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Kev Tsim Kho iav?
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm iav ntau lawm
Cov iav ntau lawm feem ntau yog siv zog ntau. Cov iav furnaces tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1300-1550 ºC rau lub melting thiab refinement ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb lub formulation yuav tsum tau.
Cov pa roj thiab hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm yav dhau los, iav kev lag luam tau nyiam cov pa roj vim tias nws yog cov cuab yeej tsim, nrog tus nqi qis, siab purity, yooj yim ntawm kev tswj thiab qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov chaw cia khoom. Gas furnaces muaj lub neej ntev-lub sij hawm, qhov nruab nrab tshaj 12 xyoo thiab qee zaum mus txog 20 xyoo.
Txog thaum tsis ntev los no cov iav hluav taws xob melting furnaces tau siv rau cov tsom iav tshwj xeeb, thiab tshwj xeeb yog tsom iav nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li fluoride opal iav, borosilicates thiab lead crystal.Kev txaus siab loj hlob hauv kev nthuav dav nws siv los ntawm kev lag luam.
Electric iav rauv ntau lawm
Txoj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov iav hluav taws xob yog siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau hauv lub khob xws li kev txhawb nqa hluav taws xob (muab 5-20% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) lossis tag nrho cov hluav taws xob yaj. Lub immersed electrodes yog txuas nrog lub hwj chim mov thiab transformer, kom dhau ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm iav.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hluav taws xob furnaces, lub melting zog yog los ntawm cov electrodes (joule heat), nrog rau ib tug gas burner yog siv rau thawj zaug pib, los yog thaum muaj xwm ceev kub qhov chaw. Cov furnaces no tsuas yog ua haujlwm 'txias saum', qhov twg cov khoom siv raw yog faib sib npaug ntawm cov iav melting, tsim ib qho insulating 'batch pam'. Melting thiab refining tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsug txheej txheem, nrog iav yog kos los ntawm ib caj pas nyob rau hauv qab ntawm ib tug tob melting tank.
Qhov zoo ntawm hluav taws xob melting
Hluav taws xob furnaces muaj ntau yam zoo dua li cov roj rauv. Piv txwv li, lawv muaj tsawg heev emissions ntawm CO2, thermal NOx los yog SOx emissions. Nrog rau kev txo qis emissions los ntawm ob tus neeg siv khoom thiab kev cai lij choj, qhov no yog qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov pa roj rauv kom txo tau cov pa tawm, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev siv tshuab ntau dua uas ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas ntxiv, kev siv cov tshuaj tsis zoo ib puag ncig, thiab kev txwv rau cov khoom siv lifespan.
Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig yog qhov kev poob cua sov los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsawg dua. Lub thermal efficiency ntawm cov roj rauv peaks nyob ib ncig ntawm 45%. Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj zog ntau dua li cov cua sov ntau dua li siv los hloov cov ntaub ntawv raw rau molten iav. Thaum tshav kub kub poob tshwm sim los ntawm lub superstructure ntawm lub cub tawg thiab nyob rau hauv cov residual pov tseg gases, txawm tias thaum tshav kub kub rov qab systems siv. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov hluav taws xob mus kom ze txhais tau hais tias lub melting zog yog kis ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub khob. Kev ua kom sov tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua 70% txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub cub hluav taws xob me me thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 85% hauv qhov cub hluav taws xob loj.
Txhua qhov cub hluav taws xob kuj tseem muaj zog ntau dua li cov roj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob; lawv siv li ntawm 35% tsawg zog. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov cua sov me me. Raws li lub cub tawg loj zuj zus, lub zog efficiency ntawm hluav taws xob furnaces tseem siab heev, whereas lub efficiency ntawm cov roj furnaces poob dramatically thiab yuav ua tau tsawg tshaj li 20%.
Kev txhawb nqa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo los txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob tag nrho. Nws kuj txhais tau hais tias lub zog tso tawm tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb, pab txiav txim siab txog cov xwm txheej hauv lub khob da dej. Qee qhov xwm txheej, qhov kev tsim kho kom zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho iav zoo homogeneity, cov noob thiab pob zeb poob. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, nyob rau hauv gas furnaces, qhov twg tsom lub zog tso tawm tsis tau, imprecise kub profiles yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub khob.
Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob txias saum toj kawg nkaus yog tias txhua yam uas nkag mus rau hauv cov batch nyob twj ywm hauv lub khob, ib sab ntawm cov pa roj tso tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem melting, uas permeate tawm los ntawm batch daim pam. Kev poob ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw xws li fluorine, boron, txhuas, ntau yam tsis hloov pauv cov tshuaj ua kom zoo thiab lwm yam khoom siv yuav luag raug tshem tawm.
Disadvantages ntawm tag nrho-hluav taws xob melting
Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj cov nqi qis dua, lawv muaj lub neej luv luv (2-7 xyoo piv rau 10-20 xyoo rau cov pa hluav taws xob) thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob ntau dua. Kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob piv nrog cov roj. Kev siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob ntau dua tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus nqi no rau cov cua sov me me, tab sis qhov no yuav tsis yog rau qhov cub loj dua.
Qhov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig qis tsuas yog khaws cia yog tias lub cub tawg tuaj yeem tau txais lub zog los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab thiab xav tau ib daim phiaj hluav taws xob uas txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov.
Kuj tseem muaj kev xav txog kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, kev saib xyuas ntawm electrodes kom txwv tsis pub muaj zog dua los ntawm kev hnav. Nws tsis tuaj yeem yaj cov iav kub siab dua (> 1500C) thiab muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm corrosion / yaig ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm qee cov iav compositions. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov iav siv dua tshiab yuav yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem tshiab.
Xaus
Nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov chaw, nws tseem yog ib puag ncig huv si los hlawv fossil fuels nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg dua li siv lawv los tsim hluav taws xob rau hluav taws xob melting. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv tau nce ntxiv rau lawv txoj kev tsim hluav taws xob, qhov xwm txheej no yuav hloov. Nws kuj tseem pom tau tias kev txhim kho hauv kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov fossil fuel combustion technologies tau nce qib. Raws li kev cai lij choj emissions kicks hauv thiab cov neeg siv khoom xav tau cov khoom siv thiab thev naus laus zis uas yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, tej zaum yuav muaj kev viav vias hauv iav tsim los ntawm roj rau hluav taws xob. Lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob melting, xws li thermal efficiency zoo dua thiab kev siv hluav taws xob, yuav suav nrog nws txoj kev nyiam.
